文/李坤珊 嬰幼兒閱讀專家 節錄自《
讓寶寶愛看書》序文
豐富嬰幼兒的生命經驗
只要是跟愛他的人在一起,對嬰幼兒來說,玩什麼都好,做什麼也都是成長!與爸爸媽媽一起用手躲貓貓,增進的,是對「物體衡常」的智性瞭解;一起捏捏或丟丟球,加強的,是手眼肌肉的和協;一起東追西跑,鍛鍊的,是大肌肉動作的協調;一起唱歌跳舞,帶動的,是情感的表達和交流;就算只是互相深情的凝視,滿足的,是愛與被愛的需要!
沒有共讀,孩子並不會因此就發展遲緩。那一起共讀呢?我們就能給孩子的生命,多添加些其它活動所不能給予的經驗,像是更豐富的語彙,更多的機會交換想法,更廣的觸角等等。
預備了成長中很多的可能性
從嬰兒期開始,就與他共讀,圖書和閱讀對他來說,就會像吃飯睡覺一樣,成為生活中的一部份。所以將來可能成為愛看書的孩子和成人,是水到渠成的事了。
從生命起始的活動裡,在共讀中的主動選擇、主動詮釋、主動理解、主動判斷,會讓正在建立學習習慣的嬰幼兒,開啟主動學習的渠道。所以將來可能成為具有主動思考能力的孩子和成人,是自然達到的事了。
從以聆聽為重要基礎的共讀活動裡,嬰幼兒藉著在胎兒期就已發展好的聽力,大量地去吸收書中、成人互動中的口語和書寫語彙,讓語言發展有可用的資源、讓書寫語言有儲備的材料。所以將來可能成為語言發展良好、書寫表達流利的孩子和成人,也是可預期的事了。
從圖書記錄人、事、物、和想法的特殊功能裡,嬰幼兒體驗了:書能引領自己去另一個地方、到另一個時間點、看另一樣事物、瞭解另一種心情、見識另一個選擇。「書」,充滿了知識和趣味的可能性!在人的生命初期,就有了這種體會,所以將來可能成為喜愛看書求知的孩子和成人,也就理所當然的了。
互動、與嬰幼兒共讀的真正重心
與嬰幼兒共讀的真正重心,不在念,而是在互動!因為我們的嬰兒並不清楚書是什麼?閱讀是什麼?故事是什麼?他需要成人一步步的帶領,才能逐漸地瞭解書有封面、字和圖是不同的、一個字對應一個字音…等等。
比如說,大人在抱著孩子閱讀時,有時候總會不經意的邊指著字、邊慢慢地念出該字詞;同樣的,他也會順著孩子的興趣、或者是為了引起孩子的注意,用手指指著圖,然後說出該圖片的名稱和簡單的解釋。在這樣反覆的共讀過程裡,孩子會慢慢發現,每次聽成人念字時,答案不但都是固定的,而且語調比較穩定;但成人指圖說明時,答案總是不固定,而且語調像是在聊天說話。這些個不同,就讓我們的嬰幼兒,在共讀當中,不知不覺地,對「文字」和「圖畫」的不同有了理解;日後進而對「念故事」和「聽故事」這二件不同的事,產生了能力;也因為文字的固定性,一段時日後,許多孩子就自行認起字來了。
與嬰幼兒共讀的真正重心,不在念,而是在互動,就是你和寶寶在共讀時,寶寶可能會出現的「行為」。那些行為,比如說一直翻書,在大人看起來,會覺得那與閱讀的本身一點關係都沒有,所以會擔心是不是孩子的發展偏了?或是書選的不對了?更或者是自己的念書方法有問題?其實,許多大人擔心的行為,那正是嬰幼兒在共讀時,共有的「閱讀行為」呢!
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讓寶寶愛看書》不只想告訴你,嬰幼兒在共讀時共有的「閱讀行為」,它也為你提出了一些因應做法,讓你見招拆招。目地不在「解決問題」,而是要幫助你,如何順著孩子的理解和興趣,和和樂樂地與寶寶共讀?讓寶寶在你的瞭解與接納裡,學習閱讀的基礎和閱讀的樂趣。
女兒寧寧和兒子小福,從他們還是寶寶時,我和他們的爸爸,就帶著他們共讀。現在,閱讀正如他們的吃飯和睡覺一樣,已是他們生活中,不可或缺的一部份。與你的寶寶共讀,你把閱讀的喜悅和樂趣,帶進了他們的生命中。你參與了你寶寶的未來,成了他們珍貴記憶的一部份。是你,改變了孩子的未來!
書籍簡介
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)
讓寶寶愛看書
0-3歲閱讀行為放大鏡
寶寶啃書、撕書,又不專心看書,怎麼辦?
本書從幼兒發展的角度,解讀寶寶的閱讀行為, 並提供種種共讀秘訣,讓你與寶寶一同享受共讀的喜悅! 與嬰幼兒共讀的真正重心,不在念,而是在互動!這本書想要告訴你的,就是你和寶寶在共讀時,寶寶可能會出現的「行為」,以及一些因應的做法,讓你見招拆招。
作者簡介
李坤珊
美國南伊利諾大學幼兒教育系博士,專精於兒童發展、兒童文學、蒙特梭利教學法、幼兒課程設計與教學;擁有豐富的教學經驗,擅長以孩子的角度觀看並詮釋閱讀行為,帶領父母瞭解0-3歲嬰幼兒的閱讀行為與發展,幫助父母與孩子一同創造美好的共讀經驗。